Its construction was closely associated with the creation of the Department of St. Mary of the Angels serving as a school for young females in Koscierzyna.

The most valuable monument of sacred art located inside of the chapel is a stone, polychrome Gothic sculpture dating from approx. 1430 depicting Mary seated on the throne, holding on her lap the dead body of Christ. The famous pieta has been in Koscierzyna since 1863 when it came to the town from Chelmno along with acquiring custody over the Department of sisters of mercy.